Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born on October 4, 1822, in Delaware, Ohio. He would go on to become the 19th President of the United States, serving from 1877 to 1881. Hayes is perhaps best known for ending Reconstruction and initiating civil service reform during his presidency.
Hayes attended Kenyon College and then went on to study law at Harvard Law School. After completing his studies, he opened several law offices in Columbus, Ohio, and Cincinnati, Ohio. He quickly established himself as a successful lawyer and gained recognition for his work in the legal field.
Hayes entered politics and served as a Cincinnati City councilman, leading to his election as the governor of Ohio in 1867. His leadership during the Civil War and his commitment to civil rights and reform gained him popularity among the people of Ohio.
In 1876, Hayes ran for the presidency against Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. The election was one of the closest in history, and the results were disputed. The Compromise of 1877 eventually declared Hayes the winner, with Democrats agreeing to his election in exchange for the removal of federal troops from the South and an end to Reconstruction policies.
Hayes took office in 1877 and immediately began implementing reforms. He focused on civil service reform, advocating for merit-based appointments and working to eliminate corruption in government. Hayes also prioritized education and economic development during his presidency.
One of Hayes' most significant actions as president was the removal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction. He believed in restoring unity and harmony in the country, despite facing opposition from some factions.
Hayes' wife, Lucy Webb Hayes, played a significant role during his presidency. Known as "Lemonade Lucy," she established an alcohol-free White House and promoted temperance throughout the country. The couple had several children together and maintained a close-knit family life.
Hayes also had family ties to the founder of the Oneida Community, John Humphrey Noyes, further highlighting his connections to influential figures of the time.
After leaving office in 1881, Hayes continued to be involved in various philanthropic and educational activities. He passed away on January 17, 1893, leaving behind a legacy of reform and integrity.
Rutherford B. Hayes is remembered as a president who worked tirelessly to promote equality and good governance during a challenging period in American history. His commitment to civil service reform and his efforts to heal the wounds of the Civil War have solidified his place in the annals of U.S. history.