Pyotr Kapitsa was born on July 8, 1894 in Kronstadt, Russia. He showed an early interest in science and went on to study physics at Petrograd Polytechnical Institute. After completing his degree, Kapitsa received a scholarship to continue his studies in England at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge.
While at Cambridge, Kapitsa conducted groundbreaking research on the properties of liquid helium. His work led to the discovery of superfluidity, a state of matter with zero viscosity. This discovery earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978.
Kapitsa's collaboration with Ernest Rutherford, another Nobel laureate, greatly influenced his research. Together, they made significant contributions to the field of nuclear physics.
In 1934, Kapitsa traveled to the USSR from Cambridge for a visit. However, he was not allowed to return to England and was forced to stay in Moscow. Despite this unexpected turn of events, Kapitsa continued his research and teaching at the Institute for Physical Problems.
Kapitsa married Anna Alekseevna Krylova, the daughter of a prominent Russian academic. The couple had two sons, Sergei and Andrei. Kapitsa's family life provided him with support and love as he navigated the challenges of living in a new country.
During his time in Moscow, Kapitsa faced political tensions, including a falling out with the head of the Russian secret police. Despite the risks, Kapitsa received support from Joseph Stalin, who favored his side in the dispute. This support ultimately saved his life and allowed him to continue his work in peace.
Pyotr Kapitsa's contributions to the field of physics have had a lasting impact on scientific research. His discovery of superfluidity revolutionized our understanding of matter and opened up new possibilities for future exploration. Kapitsa's dedication to his work and perseverance in the face of adversity serve as an inspiration to all those who follow in his footsteps.
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